Attention

Attention  - Having detected information, our mental resources are concentrated on specific elements - this is attention. Attention can be thought of as the concentration of mental effort on sensory or mental events.
Selective attention occurs when a person is monitoring several sources of input,
with greater attention being given to one or more sources which appear more
important. A person can be consciously attending to one source whilst still sampling
other sources in the background.  the ‘cocktail party effect’ 
Distraction is the negative side of selective attention.
Divided attention is common in most work situations, where people are required to do more than one thing at the same time. Usually, one task suffers at the expense of
the other, more so if they are similar in nature. 
 Focused attention is merely the skill of focussing one’s attention upon a single
source and avoiding distraction.
Sustained attention refers to the ability to maintain attention and remain alert over long periods of time, often on one task. 
 Attention is influenced by arousal level and stress. This can improve attention or
damage it depending on the circumstances

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