Visual Inspection

Visual inspection can be described as the process of using the eye, alone or in conjunction with various aids to examine and evaluate the condition of systems  or components of an aircraft.
Visual inspection is one of the primary methods to ensure the aircraft remains in an airworthy condition. AME may use magnifiers and  borescopes to enhance their visual capabilities. 
AME may accompany his  visual inspection by examining the element using his other senses (touch, hearing, smell, etc.). 
He may also   manipulate the element being inspected to make further judgements about its condition. For instance, he might feel a  surface     for unevenness, or push against it to look for any unanticipated movement.
Visual inspection is often the principal method used to identify degradation or defect in systems or components of aircraft. 
Although the engineer’s vision is  important, he also has to make judgements about what he sees. To do this, he brings to bear training, experience and common sense. 
Thus, reliable visual  inspection requires that the engineer first sees the defect and then actually recognises that it is a defect. of course, experience comes with practice, but 
telltale signs to look for can be passed  on by more experienced colleagues
Visual inspection requires a considerable amount of concentration. Long spells  of continuous inspection can be tedious and result in low arousal. An engineer’s
 low arousal or lack of motivation can contribute to a failure to spot a potential problem or a failure in recognising a defect during visual inspection. The effects 
are potentially worse when an inspector has a very low expectation of finding a defect, e.g. on a new aircraft.

Four levels of visual inspection:

Level 1.  Walkaround.  The walkaround inspection is a general  check conducted from ground level to detect discrepancies and to determine general condition and security.
Level 2.  General.  A general inspection is made of an exterior with selected hatches and openings open or an interior, when called for, to  detect damage, failure, or irregularity.

Level 3.  Detailed.  A detailed visual inspection is an intensive visual examination of a specific area, system, or assembly to detect damage failure or irregularity.  Available inspection aids should be used.  Surface  preparation and elaborate access procedures may be required.
Level 4.  Special Detailed.  A special detailed inspection is an  intensive examination of a specific item, installation, or assembly to detect  damage, failure, or irregularity.  It is likely to make use of specialized  techniques and equipment.  Intricate disassembly and cleaning may be required.
Visual inspection requires a considerable amount of concentration. Long spells of continuous inspection can be tedious and result in low arousal. An engineer’s low arousal or lack of motivation can contribute to a failure to spot a potential problem or a failure in recognising a defect during visual inspection. The effects are potentially worse when an inspector has a very low expectation of finding a defect, e.g. on a new aircraft.

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